Great Depression outline

Maddie Williams
Per:2

I Intro (Leave Blank for now)

The Great Depression was caused by three major factors and an important trigger of the Stock Market taking multiple large crashes. Both presidents Hoover and Rossevelt created plans to stop the depression and sometimes they helped and sometimes they didn't. The Great Depression took a large toll on the whole US population.

II Causes (The causes of the great depression were overspeculation, Goverment policy, Unstable Economy)

A overspeculation (Define, how important)

-a bunch of people called speculators taking risks and instead of investing in the future of companies they would bet on the fact that the stock market itself would continue to climb.

-it enabled them to make money quickly but also caused the loss of everything when the Stock Market crashed.

B Govt Policy

-did not do anything to help the poor and did not want to get too involved with businesses and labor
-

C Unstable Econ

1. uneven prosperity

-rich stayed rich and the poor got poorer

-kept the small percent that were rich rich and increased unemployment and the poverty rate in America.

2. overproduction

-producing way too much

-decreased prices because farmers and factories were producing way too much for just the American population.

3. worker issues / farm issues

-farmers and factories overproducing and not trading with Europe. 

-caused extra produce and appliances to not be used and just thrown out wasting money and declining profit.

III Effects

A Poverty

-unemployment, soup kitchens

-caused poverty rate to increase and tons of hoovervilles to be created.

B Society

-hoovervilles

-gave homeless an place to stay and it only created a worse name for president Hoover

C World 
-

IV Solutions

A Hoover

-urged consumers and business owners to to become more rational in their decisions.

1 Volunteerism

-

2 Public Works

-government financed building projects

- increased the amount of jobs open and decreased unemployment

3 Hawley Smoot

-raised the average tariff rate

-damaged American sales abroad

4 RFC

-make loans to banks, railroads, and agricultural institutions

-it did help increase reconstuction but not enough to the point where the economy continued to decline

B Roosevelt

-President of the United States who instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression

1 new deal
-roosevelt's plan to get America out of the Great Depression

a alphabet soup
-another name for a bunch of acts that roosevelt passed during the 100 days.

            example: AAA- Agriculture Adjustment Act
-payed farmers to only grow certain crops
-increased food prices but also but tenant farmers out of jobs

            example: SEC-Securities and Exchange Commision
-regulated the stock market
-prevented fraud

            example: FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-provided government insurance on bank deposits
-further protected deposits and banks

            example: NIRA- National Industrial Recovery Act
-suspended the antitrust laws
-allowed business, labor and government to work together and set laws for each section of industry

b Criticsim?
-from both left and right
-saying there was to many restrictions and not enough restrictions

2 2nd new deal

a. WPA- Works progress Administration
-federal agency
-created new jobs to drop unemployment rate

b. National Labor Relations Act
-right to organize unions without interference and bargain collectively
-gave more rights to workers
c.

V Criticicism

A Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the Left and Right)
-Too many regulations on business
- Not enough regulations on business 

B Conservatives 
-Too many regulations on business
-  

C Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They....)

Ex: Townsend Plan
- proposed to give people over 60 who were retired a monthly pension check
- took people out of the work force and opened up jobs for the unemployed

ex:Huey Long
-large influence which caused a lot of followers
-supporters organized 27000 share the wealth clubs

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US

-more jobs and bank crisis diminished
-helped the public to trust the Government more

B Unions

- balanced competing economic interests
- NLRB: allowed workers to organize unions without interference from their bosses

C Culture

VII Conclusion
The Great Depression hit America hard and caused large amounts of economic and social destruction. the two Presidents, Hoover and Roosevelt, both put effort into stopping the depression but it never really ended until after WW2. Roosevelt's efforts are more prominent because although his plan was designed for long term help he still ended up more in the short developments to help America get out of The Great Depression.

Frank Lloyd Wright

 Maddie Williams
per:2

Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright was born on June 8th 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. He was an architect, interior designer, writer and educator. He was very devoted to nature and for years he showed the men around him how to build their homes and look at the area around the house as well. In his early life Frank's family moved around quite often. he spent most if not all of his summers in the Wisconsin countryside. He fell in love with the landscape and went on to build multiple houses there. After graduating college he went on to become an apprentice to the architect Louis Sullivan. After working for Sullivan for a few years he married and had six children. He then later parted ways with Mr. Sullivan and went to work on his own. Louis Sullivan greatly inspired him in his work.

In a1893 he designed his first house on his own, the Winslow house, and from then on his work was known as organic architecture. Over the next few years he designed and built multiple houses and public buildings that came to be known as the basis of The Prairie School of Architecture. after multiple years of success and marriage he left everything behind and went to Germany with the wife of a client. there he put together two portfolios that increased his international profile as the leading living architect.  he returned to the United States and built himself a home called Taliesin. Tragedy struck the house when it was caught on fire. The fire killed his lover and six others while destroying the home. He immediately began building the home again. A year later he was asked to build The Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. a year after it was finished a large earthquake hit that left everything but the hotel wrecked and torn to pieces. Wrights building had held up its claim. he then returned to the states and an electrical problem caused another fire which burnt down Taliesin again. He rebuilt the house and married his third wife Olga. With the great depression starting and the building of homes decreasing he dedicated himself to writing and teaching. That same years he founded the Taliesin Fellowship. An immersive architectual school based out of his own home and studio. He seemed to be content with his teaching and then in 1935 he burst back into the spotlight with the Fallingwater house. This house remains one of his most celebrated works. from then on he continued to design and build public houses. He died on April 9th 1959 at the age of 91. He is considered on of the greatest architects of the 20th century.

Sources: http://www.biography.com/people/frank-lloyd-wright-9537511?page=3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright

Letter Home

Dear Mama and Papa,

How are you? How is little Molly doing? From your last letter she seemed very sick. I have been moved to a place near Paris. They have prepared all the nurses for what is going to happen when Germany attacks.  the weather here has treated us nicely. Its been sunny and warm but the evenings are always cold and dark. It gets dark here much quicker than it does back home.


Every day it is the same monotonous activity. Dirty and dying men come rolling in with the ambulances. You can hear the gun shots off in the distance. There are six other nurses and myself who tend to soldiers in our ward. There was a soldier who came in on Monday and the doctor had given him three days to live. He was very confident that he was going to get better. He kept repeating that he was going to live and go home to his wife and child. On the second day the pain came. He would twist and contort his body just to get rid of it. He still said that he was going to live to see another day.I didn't think so mama. The pain looked unbearable and there was nothing that I could do. He passed away  on the third day and finally he was free of the pain. Is the same thing over and over again mama. I don't know if I can handle much more. I know I'm doing good by being out here and doing my part but I'm homesick and I want to see you and Papa and little Molly. It really is hard out here and with all the deaths I don't know how we are going to be able to keep fighting this war. A lot of the time the ward smells of blood and dirt. All of the beds are taken up and there are soldiers against the wall on stretchers. Some are getting better but unless they can fight again soon I don't think this war will last much longer. I hope to receive a letter from you soon and I send my love and prayers your way.

Sincerely,

Emily Miller

The MAIN Causes of World War 1

 Maddie Williams

M- Militarism

Militarism is the belief that a nation should have a strong military. Due to this Navies and Armies  began to grow cause Europe to feel threatened. This then helped cause the war through the feeling that each army was better than the other and leaders of different nations wanted to prove it.

A- Alliance

Alliance is and agreement or bond made by two countries that creates and equal benefit for both. Alliances began forming all throughout Europe. Due to this if someone attacked a country you had an alliance with you would then have to help. This then caused almost all of Europe and America to fight in a large World War.

I- Imperialism

Imperialism is invading and taking over the political and economic aspects of a country. Due to the imperialism that was happening at the time it caused conflict between multiple different nations of raw materials and natural resources. Due to these conflicts and The Alliance System it lead to everyone fighting over land and resources.

N- Nationalism

Nationalism is the strong belief that you nation or country is better than any other nation. This intense pride caused a fight for independence. Each nation saw the other as a competitor  and was willing to go to war to expand their nation at the expense of others.

What was the spark of war?

The spark of the war was when Franz-Ferdinand, the Archduke to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, was assasinated in the Bosnian capital. The Austrian- Hungary empire blamed the Serbs and found it as the perfect time to declare war and stop the Slavic nationalism from undermining their empire

Timeline

Lusitania  May 7, 1915
The British ocean liner was sunk causing the death of 1,198 people. 128 of them were Americans. The ship was sunk by fire from German U- boats. Thus causing America to become enraged and join the war.

Sussex pledge May 4, 1916
The German government took the Sussex pledge which states that they would give warning before firing on merchant ships from their U-boats.
Zimmerman Note January 16, 1917
The Zimmerman note was a secret telegram sent to Mexico encouraging them to join the war to reclaim the land they had lost in the Mexican-American war. The Germans said that would assist Mexico in the war. This caused anger in America and soon enough the U.S. Declared war on Germany.
Unrestricted Sub Warfare Febuary 1, 1917
This is a type of warfare where subs fire on ships without warning. This includes firing on merchant ships, tankers and freighters.

Christmas Truce

Christmas Truce

Maddie Williams

per:2

The Christmas Truce occurred on the western front of the fight on December 24th 1914. Men from both sides began singing carols and songs. Soon after they ceased fire and met each other in between trenches to exchange gifts and talk. Thousands of men experienced this change of heart for one day. To this day it is viewed as a glimpse of sanity during the war.

The story above is not the complete true story but only what people chose to believe and spread. At the beginning men and raced to sign up for war in the spirit of holiday. Once they were out on the battlefield all of that spirit changed. They were still confident in their nation but they lost the spirit of the holidays. As men on the front stood in their trenches they could what was still standing of civilization. Men had spent weeks on end in a muddy wasteland with decaying bodies. As their desires to rise from the trenches and also to see their enemy up close rose the Christmas Truce became possible. Since the trenches were quite close together it was easy to either fire an insult or come to an agreement to stop fire. These were temporary truces but truces nonetheless. As men agreed to stop their fire they climbed out of the trenches and exchanged cigarettes.

The war had only been raging on for four months and it was already one of the bloodiest wars the soldiers had seen. At a time like this the soldiers needed to know that even though they were fighting a war the holiday spirit was spread throughout the world.

Sources: Google Images, http://history1900s.about.com/od/1910s/a/christmastruce.htm, http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/christmastruce.htm

Sinking of The Maine

 Sinking of The Maine
Maddie Williams
Per: 2

 From an interview in 1898 between Commander Marix and Commander Converse it is said that the damage done was not of an explosion inside the ship but from an underwater mine. This gives verbal evidence that it is correct to think that the Spanish blew up the Maine. In 1976 Admiral Rickover looked at the ship and came to the conclusion that it was an internal explosion. The mines produced in 1898 were believed to have been incapable of igniting the Maine. The most likely cause was from a fire in the coal bunker adjacent to the 6 inch magazine. (H.G Rickover team conclusion)
 Before The Maine exploded president McKinley made it clear to public that he did not want to intervene with the war against Spain. If involved, the war would cost too many lives and hurt the nation's economy. Earlier on McKinley had been called " weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd". This was said by the Spanish Ambassador. The ship blew up near Cuba. The Spanish were fighting to keep Cuba. The Maine exploded in the Havana harbor and as the public was erupted in fury the blame automatically flew towards Spain. Due to this America intervened in the war and helped Cuba fight for their independence. Along the way the U.S also fought to give the Philippines their freedom and then they used them as a source of money just as they did Cuba until The Philippines rebelled and
 won their freedom.

Sources: Pg. 303 of US History textbook, Pg. 308 of US History textbook and Google Images

The Jungle

 The Jungle
Maddie Williams
Per:2

1) What qualities did Sinclair believe a person must have to succeed in Packingtown?
To rise in rank in Packingtown you had to be able to tell tales and spy on your fellow workers. You also had to be tough and willing to do anything that kept you in a job. In short you had to be a knave.

2)According to the passage, what is the plant owner's main goal.
 The plant owner's main goal is to make as much money out of the plant as possible. They didn't care how.

3) What does Sinclair mean when he says, "...there was no place in it where a man counted for anything against a dollar....?"
Sinclair means that in Packingtown the men did not matter compared to the money that was being made. All that mattered to the owners was the amount of money that was being made from the men who worked to earn them that money.

When it was published, The Jungle was so shocking that it launched a government investigation of the meatpacking industry.  The investigation eventually led to the establishment of laws regulating the industry.  Using the internet, research an area that our government enforces now (meat packing, environment, pharmaceuticals) and report how this is enforced today.  The meat packing industry has the highest rate of repetitive motion injuries. To work in the meat packing business is extremely dangerous and labor intensive. The animals involved are mistreated and the working conditions are very hazardous. The government recently took action by placing inspectors in each section to approve the facilities frequently and without disrupting production. To help with the industries injuries labor laws have been set and medical care and health care is given to the workers.