American Bandstand

American Bandstand is an American music-performance show that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989 and was hosted from 1956 until its final season by Dick Clark. Young teens from around the area would show off their dance moves and thousands of kids from around the nation would tune in every week to see what the kids on the show were doing. Clark would often interview the teenagers about their opinions of the songs being played, most memorably through the "Rate-a-Record" segment. During the segment, two audience members each ranked two records on a scale of 35 to 98, after which the two opinions were averaged by Clark, who then asked the audience members to justify their scores. The segment gave rise, perhaps apocryphally, to the phrase "It's got a good beat and you can dance to it."

American bandstand was originally aired from Philadelphia with a man named Bob horn as the host. It was never supposed to be a dance show but when Horn decided that was the way to go. Dick Clark took over after Horn was fired after a Drinking and driving arrest. Clark on really ever hosted the show alone except for one special episode. The only person to ever co-host the show with Dick Clark was Donna Summer, who joined him to present a special episode dedicated to the release of the Casablanca film Thank God It's Friday on 27 May 1978. 

Even after the show ceased to exist and air it was used for inspiration in other movies. Grease and Hairspray are two examples. In Grease National Bandstand came and filmed their school dance and there is a resemblance between American Bandstand and The Corny Collins Show.

Denied Detained Deported

The book Denied Detained Deported by Ann Bausum tells the stories of three different immigrants. Emma Goldman is one of these three. After 30 years on American soil she was sent back to her homeland. She was deemed dangerous due to her Russian background.  The cause behind her deportation was small but not completely unjust. When World War 1 started she began encouraging young men and women to oppose the draft. For this she was arrested at a young age but was allowed the ability to continue her life until she was deported along with many others for being a force against what the government wanted. Herb Karliner was another of the three. He took the trip over on the St. Louis and was then denied entrance to the United States. He boarded the ship that was bound for Cuba in hopes of being able to reach the United States. Days before the St. Louis set sail Cuba denied the landing passes invalid. The ship reached Havanna and all but the Cubans, four Spainards and 22 visa holding Jews were sent back to Germany. On the way home word came that other European countries would take them in as refugees. Herb and his family did not have to return to Germany. The only problem still left standing was that while all of this continued to happen the U.S President did absolutely nothing to help. From these two stories her book shows that the discrimination against immigrants repeats in cycles.

This book helps to create a bridge from past experiences to present times. It gives the hardcore research to not make the same mistakes as we did. The author Ann Bausumn analyzes the lessons learned by the immigrants to better help explain modern events that are similar yo experiences held by other immigrants.

Sources: Denied Detained Deported By: Ann Bausum

Chapter 13 Section 1

- Roosevelt's goal was to create the United Nations and have a more peaceful world. The Soviets wanted to keep Germany weak and keep the countries inbetween them under Soviet control.

- Roosevelt believed that economic growth was the key to world peace.

- the declaration of liberated liberated Europe was a statement that the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live and it worked pretty well

- Germany was to be divided into four zones and be controlled by Great Britain, The United States, the Soviet Union, or France.

- Truman thought that we should stand up to the Russians because hew as very anti communist and suspicious of Stalin.

- A satellite nation is a communist country of Eastern Europe.

- An iron curtain is a large separation of a country based on beliefs and control over those people.

Earth Day

The Film "A Fierce Green Fire" is based on and tells the story of the environmental movement in America and how it spread all over the world.It largely started in America when earth day was established in the 70's. A large part of what Earth Day advocated for was pollution and Love Canal had a very large pollution problem. A business had been dumping their waste in a canal near their town and the amount of chemicals had gotten so bad that they were seeping into the towns soil and all of the basements. It caused many children to get sick much easier and 18 out of 22 newborn children were born with birth defects. The fight to get permanently relocated took time but eventually it happened. This idea of make our earth a better place spread to the Amazon where deforestation was a large problem. After a very long fight the locals were able to establish seringueros reserves where they could live and the land was protected. All of the pollution and environmental awareness around the world sprung up from Americans standing up for the land they were living on.

"Watch Film: A Fierce Green Fire." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.


Solar Power is the conversion of sunlight into energy. It can be direct or indirect. One way is Concentrated Solar Power systems. These types of systems collect sun from a large area and focus it into a small beam that is then transmitted into energy. the other type is called Photovalics. This is most commonly found as what powers our calculators and homes.

Due to the fact that we have found ways to power our homes and all electronics in our homes off of energy from the sun is pretty astounding. It is a new way of not only limiting our electronic uses but also taking the chemicals that add to the greenhouse gases in the environment out of the air. Solar power panels are what are most commonly used. They allow for a decrease in need for burning fossil fuels and thus allowing a decrease in greenhouse gas buildup. Some places where you can but solar panels and then have them installed are sometimes general stores like Target and Westsidewholesale.com.

-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power

-http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-power-help-environment.htm

-http://www.google.com/search?q=solar+pwer&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&safe=active#q=solar+power&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&safe=active&spell=1 

Chapter 12 Section 2 notes

1. Holding the line against Japan
- Chester Nimitz: planned against japan
A. The fall of the Philippines
- American and Philippine defenses retreat to Bataan
- evacuated to Australia
- Bataan surrendered and 78,000 were taken as prisoners of war
B. the Doolittle Raid
- Roosevelt wanted to bomb Tokyo
- replaced normal aircraft with B-25 bombers
- too long to land pack on ship... Had to land in china
C. A change in Japanese Strategy
- wanted to cut Americas supply line to Australia
- planned to attack midway: Americas last remaining base in the North Pacific
D. The Battle of the Coral Sea
- Americans had broken Japanese code
- caused japan to call of raid on New Guinea
- American supply lines stayed open
E. The Battle of Midway
- Americans also knew of the attack on Midway
- Japanese were squashed
- forced to retreat

2. Turning Back the German Army
- American sent supplies to Soviets
- Churchill planned to attack the periphery or edges
A. The struggle for North Africa
- America invaded North Africa to help fight in Egypt
- Afrika Corps: German troops in the area
- British forces pushed Rommel back
- Kassarine Pass: America suffered, Patton put in command
B. The Battle of the Atlantic
- German submarines had sunk about 360 American ships of the coast
- shipyards produced more ships than the Germans were able to sink
- navy set up a convoy system
C. Stalingrad
- Hitler went to knock soviets put of the war
- ordered to hold Stalingrad at all costs
- reinforcements sent and Germans forced to surrender
- put Germans on the defensive

Radio Hour

Radio Show
By: Maddie Williams, Claire Haley, Lexi Cole and Leia Watson


Claire: Hello everyone and welcome to The Dollys Show. We have a very exciting show for you today, but first Breaking News!

Leia: Today has officially been marked as Black Tuesday. This is due to the fact that the stock market has taken yet another large drop. As you all may know unless you receive a margin call there is no need to worry.

Lexí: On a lighter note we have a new music line up for you all today. Let's start it off with Ella Fitzgerald cover of Cole Porter's song 'Let's Do It (Let's Fall In Love)'...(play song here) Coming up,  the back story of Babe Ruth, but first a little Louie Armstrong...( play song here)

Claire: You all know Babe Ruth as The Great Bambino, but just recently I had the chance to really get to know Babe Ruth and learn about his life at home as well as his childhood. As a child Ruth was sent away to a reformatory school where he picked up his baseball skills. Later on in his career he met Helen Woodford and they then adopted a child together. Four years following, they seperated due to infidelities. Currently, Babe Ruth is said to be focussing more on his career as a baseball superstar. That's all for your daily sports update.

Lexí: Thank you for tuning into the Dolly Show on this fine evening. Tune in tomorrow for compositions of your favorite artist, latest storys, and sport news. Good night! (play a few dance songs before new show starts)

Dorothea Lange

Maddie Williams
per: 2


       Dorothea Lange was born in New Jersey during the year 1895. When she was young she contracted polio which caused her right leg and left foot to be noticeably weaker. Art and photography was a large part of Dorothea's childhood. Her parents were very invested in her education. Therefore creative arts were largely encouraged in the Lange household. After high school she decided to pursue photography. She studied the art form at Columbia University.

      After college she began her career working as an intern and assistant to multiple different big name photographers, such as Arnold Genthe a leading portrait photographer. She was running her own successful photography business and living in San Fransico with her husband and children by 1918. With the Great Depression in the 1930s, she turned her camera on what she started to see in her own San Francisco neighborhoods: labor strikes and breadlines. This was her first taste of documentary photography. She traveled documenting the rural hardship that she encountered for the Farm Security Administration, established by the U.S. Agriculture Department. Lange’s body of work from her adventures included her most famous work of art "Migrant Mother". This photograph is said to have perfectly captured the hardships of the Great Depression. It is subtle and beautiful but yet it is relatable to for thousands of Americans during this time and era.

I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean- to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it. (From: Popular Photography, Feb. 1960).

        This is a quote from Dorothea Lange that portrays what she was thinking at the time she took her photo. Six different photos were in this set and all helped show the affect that The Great Depression had on most of America’s population. The Great depression took everything from families and caused to move and migrate constantly to where they could find work. After her photos became more noticed she was hired by the government to photograph people in Japanese internment camps. She began to have health problems and she began to get increasingly sick.  She battled these problems for around two decades until she eventually passed away from esophageal cancer in October of 1965.

Sources:
- http://www.biography.com/people/dorothea-lange-9372993#final-years&awesm=~oBqj81H6QofWR0
- http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html

Great Depression outline

Maddie Williams
Per:2

I Intro (Leave Blank for now)

The Great Depression was caused by three major factors and an important trigger of the Stock Market taking multiple large crashes. Both presidents Hoover and Rossevelt created plans to stop the depression and sometimes they helped and sometimes they didn't. The Great Depression took a large toll on the whole US population.

II Causes (The causes of the great depression were overspeculation, Goverment policy, Unstable Economy)

A overspeculation (Define, how important)

-a bunch of people called speculators taking risks and instead of investing in the future of companies they would bet on the fact that the stock market itself would continue to climb.

-it enabled them to make money quickly but also caused the loss of everything when the Stock Market crashed.

B Govt Policy

-did not do anything to help the poor and did not want to get too involved with businesses and labor
-

C Unstable Econ

1. uneven prosperity

-rich stayed rich and the poor got poorer

-kept the small percent that were rich rich and increased unemployment and the poverty rate in America.

2. overproduction

-producing way too much

-decreased prices because farmers and factories were producing way too much for just the American population.

3. worker issues / farm issues

-farmers and factories overproducing and not trading with Europe. 

-caused extra produce and appliances to not be used and just thrown out wasting money and declining profit.

III Effects

A Poverty

-unemployment, soup kitchens

-caused poverty rate to increase and tons of hoovervilles to be created.

B Society

-hoovervilles

-gave homeless an place to stay and it only created a worse name for president Hoover

C World 
-

IV Solutions

A Hoover

-urged consumers and business owners to to become more rational in their decisions.

1 Volunteerism

-

2 Public Works

-government financed building projects

- increased the amount of jobs open and decreased unemployment

3 Hawley Smoot

-raised the average tariff rate

-damaged American sales abroad

4 RFC

-make loans to banks, railroads, and agricultural institutions

-it did help increase reconstuction but not enough to the point where the economy continued to decline

B Roosevelt

-President of the United States who instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression

1 new deal
-roosevelt's plan to get America out of the Great Depression

a alphabet soup
-another name for a bunch of acts that roosevelt passed during the 100 days.

            example: AAA- Agriculture Adjustment Act
-payed farmers to only grow certain crops
-increased food prices but also but tenant farmers out of jobs

            example: SEC-Securities and Exchange Commision
-regulated the stock market
-prevented fraud

            example: FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-provided government insurance on bank deposits
-further protected deposits and banks

            example: NIRA- National Industrial Recovery Act
-suspended the antitrust laws
-allowed business, labor and government to work together and set laws for each section of industry

b Criticsim?
-from both left and right
-saying there was to many restrictions and not enough restrictions

2 2nd new deal

a. WPA- Works progress Administration
-federal agency
-created new jobs to drop unemployment rate

b. National Labor Relations Act
-right to organize unions without interference and bargain collectively
-gave more rights to workers
c.

V Criticicism

A Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the Left and Right)
-Too many regulations on business
- Not enough regulations on business 

B Conservatives 
-Too many regulations on business
-  

C Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They....)

Ex: Townsend Plan
- proposed to give people over 60 who were retired a monthly pension check
- took people out of the work force and opened up jobs for the unemployed

ex:Huey Long
-large influence which caused a lot of followers
-supporters organized 27000 share the wealth clubs

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US

-more jobs and bank crisis diminished
-helped the public to trust the Government more

B Unions

- balanced competing economic interests
- NLRB: allowed workers to organize unions without interference from their bosses

C Culture

VII Conclusion
The Great Depression hit America hard and caused large amounts of economic and social destruction. the two Presidents, Hoover and Roosevelt, both put effort into stopping the depression but it never really ended until after WW2. Roosevelt's efforts are more prominent because although his plan was designed for long term help he still ended up more in the short developments to help America get out of The Great Depression.

Frank Lloyd Wright

 Maddie Williams
per:2

Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright was born on June 8th 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. He was an architect, interior designer, writer and educator. He was very devoted to nature and for years he showed the men around him how to build their homes and look at the area around the house as well. In his early life Frank's family moved around quite often. he spent most if not all of his summers in the Wisconsin countryside. He fell in love with the landscape and went on to build multiple houses there. After graduating college he went on to become an apprentice to the architect Louis Sullivan. After working for Sullivan for a few years he married and had six children. He then later parted ways with Mr. Sullivan and went to work on his own. Louis Sullivan greatly inspired him in his work.

In a1893 he designed his first house on his own, the Winslow house, and from then on his work was known as organic architecture. Over the next few years he designed and built multiple houses and public buildings that came to be known as the basis of The Prairie School of Architecture. after multiple years of success and marriage he left everything behind and went to Germany with the wife of a client. there he put together two portfolios that increased his international profile as the leading living architect.  he returned to the United States and built himself a home called Taliesin. Tragedy struck the house when it was caught on fire. The fire killed his lover and six others while destroying the home. He immediately began building the home again. A year later he was asked to build The Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. a year after it was finished a large earthquake hit that left everything but the hotel wrecked and torn to pieces. Wrights building had held up its claim. he then returned to the states and an electrical problem caused another fire which burnt down Taliesin again. He rebuilt the house and married his third wife Olga. With the great depression starting and the building of homes decreasing he dedicated himself to writing and teaching. That same years he founded the Taliesin Fellowship. An immersive architectual school based out of his own home and studio. He seemed to be content with his teaching and then in 1935 he burst back into the spotlight with the Fallingwater house. This house remains one of his most celebrated works. from then on he continued to design and build public houses. He died on April 9th 1959 at the age of 91. He is considered on of the greatest architects of the 20th century.

Sources: http://www.biography.com/people/frank-lloyd-wright-9537511?page=3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright

Letter Home

Dear Mama and Papa,

How are you? How is little Molly doing? From your last letter she seemed very sick. I have been moved to a place near Paris. They have prepared all the nurses for what is going to happen when Germany attacks.  the weather here has treated us nicely. Its been sunny and warm but the evenings are always cold and dark. It gets dark here much quicker than it does back home.


Every day it is the same monotonous activity. Dirty and dying men come rolling in with the ambulances. You can hear the gun shots off in the distance. There are six other nurses and myself who tend to soldiers in our ward. There was a soldier who came in on Monday and the doctor had given him three days to live. He was very confident that he was going to get better. He kept repeating that he was going to live and go home to his wife and child. On the second day the pain came. He would twist and contort his body just to get rid of it. He still said that he was going to live to see another day.I didn't think so mama. The pain looked unbearable and there was nothing that I could do. He passed away  on the third day and finally he was free of the pain. Is the same thing over and over again mama. I don't know if I can handle much more. I know I'm doing good by being out here and doing my part but I'm homesick and I want to see you and Papa and little Molly. It really is hard out here and with all the deaths I don't know how we are going to be able to keep fighting this war. A lot of the time the ward smells of blood and dirt. All of the beds are taken up and there are soldiers against the wall on stretchers. Some are getting better but unless they can fight again soon I don't think this war will last much longer. I hope to receive a letter from you soon and I send my love and prayers your way.

Sincerely,

Emily Miller

The MAIN Causes of World War 1

 Maddie Williams

M- Militarism

Militarism is the belief that a nation should have a strong military. Due to this Navies and Armies  began to grow cause Europe to feel threatened. This then helped cause the war through the feeling that each army was better than the other and leaders of different nations wanted to prove it.

A- Alliance

Alliance is and agreement or bond made by two countries that creates and equal benefit for both. Alliances began forming all throughout Europe. Due to this if someone attacked a country you had an alliance with you would then have to help. This then caused almost all of Europe and America to fight in a large World War.

I- Imperialism

Imperialism is invading and taking over the political and economic aspects of a country. Due to the imperialism that was happening at the time it caused conflict between multiple different nations of raw materials and natural resources. Due to these conflicts and The Alliance System it lead to everyone fighting over land and resources.

N- Nationalism

Nationalism is the strong belief that you nation or country is better than any other nation. This intense pride caused a fight for independence. Each nation saw the other as a competitor  and was willing to go to war to expand their nation at the expense of others.

What was the spark of war?

The spark of the war was when Franz-Ferdinand, the Archduke to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, was assasinated in the Bosnian capital. The Austrian- Hungary empire blamed the Serbs and found it as the perfect time to declare war and stop the Slavic nationalism from undermining their empire

Timeline

Lusitania  May 7, 1915
The British ocean liner was sunk causing the death of 1,198 people. 128 of them were Americans. The ship was sunk by fire from German U- boats. Thus causing America to become enraged and join the war.

Sussex pledge May 4, 1916
The German government took the Sussex pledge which states that they would give warning before firing on merchant ships from their U-boats.
Zimmerman Note January 16, 1917
The Zimmerman note was a secret telegram sent to Mexico encouraging them to join the war to reclaim the land they had lost in the Mexican-American war. The Germans said that would assist Mexico in the war. This caused anger in America and soon enough the U.S. Declared war on Germany.
Unrestricted Sub Warfare Febuary 1, 1917
This is a type of warfare where subs fire on ships without warning. This includes firing on merchant ships, tankers and freighters.

Christmas Truce

Christmas Truce

Maddie Williams

per:2

The Christmas Truce occurred on the western front of the fight on December 24th 1914. Men from both sides began singing carols and songs. Soon after they ceased fire and met each other in between trenches to exchange gifts and talk. Thousands of men experienced this change of heart for one day. To this day it is viewed as a glimpse of sanity during the war.

The story above is not the complete true story but only what people chose to believe and spread. At the beginning men and raced to sign up for war in the spirit of holiday. Once they were out on the battlefield all of that spirit changed. They were still confident in their nation but they lost the spirit of the holidays. As men on the front stood in their trenches they could what was still standing of civilization. Men had spent weeks on end in a muddy wasteland with decaying bodies. As their desires to rise from the trenches and also to see their enemy up close rose the Christmas Truce became possible. Since the trenches were quite close together it was easy to either fire an insult or come to an agreement to stop fire. These were temporary truces but truces nonetheless. As men agreed to stop their fire they climbed out of the trenches and exchanged cigarettes.

The war had only been raging on for four months and it was already one of the bloodiest wars the soldiers had seen. At a time like this the soldiers needed to know that even though they were fighting a war the holiday spirit was spread throughout the world.

Sources: Google Images, http://history1900s.about.com/od/1910s/a/christmastruce.htm, http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/christmastruce.htm

Sinking of The Maine

 Sinking of The Maine
Maddie Williams
Per: 2

 From an interview in 1898 between Commander Marix and Commander Converse it is said that the damage done was not of an explosion inside the ship but from an underwater mine. This gives verbal evidence that it is correct to think that the Spanish blew up the Maine. In 1976 Admiral Rickover looked at the ship and came to the conclusion that it was an internal explosion. The mines produced in 1898 were believed to have been incapable of igniting the Maine. The most likely cause was from a fire in the coal bunker adjacent to the 6 inch magazine. (H.G Rickover team conclusion)
 Before The Maine exploded president McKinley made it clear to public that he did not want to intervene with the war against Spain. If involved, the war would cost too many lives and hurt the nation's economy. Earlier on McKinley had been called " weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd". This was said by the Spanish Ambassador. The ship blew up near Cuba. The Spanish were fighting to keep Cuba. The Maine exploded in the Havana harbor and as the public was erupted in fury the blame automatically flew towards Spain. Due to this America intervened in the war and helped Cuba fight for their independence. Along the way the U.S also fought to give the Philippines their freedom and then they used them as a source of money just as they did Cuba until The Philippines rebelled and
 won their freedom.

Sources: Pg. 303 of US History textbook, Pg. 308 of US History textbook and Google Images

The Jungle

 The Jungle
Maddie Williams
Per:2

1) What qualities did Sinclair believe a person must have to succeed in Packingtown?
To rise in rank in Packingtown you had to be able to tell tales and spy on your fellow workers. You also had to be tough and willing to do anything that kept you in a job. In short you had to be a knave.

2)According to the passage, what is the plant owner's main goal.
 The plant owner's main goal is to make as much money out of the plant as possible. They didn't care how.

3) What does Sinclair mean when he says, "...there was no place in it where a man counted for anything against a dollar....?"
Sinclair means that in Packingtown the men did not matter compared to the money that was being made. All that mattered to the owners was the amount of money that was being made from the men who worked to earn them that money.

When it was published, The Jungle was so shocking that it launched a government investigation of the meatpacking industry.  The investigation eventually led to the establishment of laws regulating the industry.  Using the internet, research an area that our government enforces now (meat packing, environment, pharmaceuticals) and report how this is enforced today.  The meat packing industry has the highest rate of repetitive motion injuries. To work in the meat packing business is extremely dangerous and labor intensive. The animals involved are mistreated and the working conditions are very hazardous. The government recently took action by placing inspectors in each section to approve the facilities frequently and without disrupting production. To help with the industries injuries labor laws have been set and medical care and health care is given to the workers.

The Airplane

 Maddie Williams
Per:2

 The Airplane

Before the airplane could even be attempted, evidence of flying needed to be found.  Before the Wright brothers the Hot Air Balloon was invented along with Sir Cayley's  glider. The first airplane to be flown was a glider. This glider was built by Sir George Cayley and was pushed off of a high cliff. Later on Wilbur and Orville Wright came into the picture. They started building and testing gliders near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Their first success was a 59 second flight taken by Wilbur. As they kept experimenting they found a way to allow the pilot to steer and control the height. by adding an engine and making the glider two winged, the pilot was now able to steer the plane. By 1908 the Wright Brothers had created a plane that could fly for over an hour and a half. As time passed many different flyers from the the Wright Brothers were demonstrated. As people watched other inventors who were trying to expand on the Wright brothers idea realized a lot of the technology that the Wright Brothers had developed. After the great invention of the motored airplane people went on to expand on that idea and  many great improvements were made such as being able to land safely without crash landing each time.

Sir George Cayley was born on December 27, 1773 and died on December 15, 1857.

Sir Cayley's Glider

Orville and Wilbur Wright Born in 1867 (wilbur) and 1871 (orville).

                                                               The Wright Brother's Flyer

sources:http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112389/airplanes.htm,
  http://www.wright-brothers.org/History_Wing/History_of_the_Airplane/History_of_the_Airplane_Intro/History_of_the_Airplane_Intro.htm

The Effects of the Transcontinental Rail Road

 The Effects of the Transcontinental Railroad
Maddie Williams

After the railroad was built America was able to move people and goods from San Francisco to New York in one week. After the first ten years 50 million dollars worth of trade had been shipped from coast to coast. The railroad opened up the pathway for eastern goods to be available to the populace that was spreading beyond the Mississippi. The middle land was explored for ways of production and manufacturing.Springing off of the railroad was a web of other railroads that were shorter and extended to the north and south. These allowed transportation from state to state and town to town.  The transformation that came along with the railroad was not accepted by all. Native Americans were then forced onto reservations in the years to come. Buffalo were hunted in mass and their hides were shipped back to the east. The buffalo population was opened up to the public and as it diminished the animal was easier for a hunter to spot.This depleted the Native American's source of food and clothing. The Transcontinental Railroad was manifest destiny that was wrought in iron and moving from coast to coast. 

Being a business owner in the 1800's had its pros and cons. Since the train had to make stops the shop owners who had a business forefront near the train station had a large amount of business coming from the load of people on the train. The only problem with this was that the large amounts of business only came in shifts and sometimes there weren't large amounts of people on the train. Sometimes it was freight that passed through the towns. Business owners could not get any profit of of a train carrying freight.

source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/tcrr-impact/

Clara Barton December 25,1821

Clara Barton December 25, 1821

Maddie Williams per: 2

Clara Barton was born in Massachusetts during the year 1821.  She died during the year of 1912. Instead of getting an education Clara worked as a clerk and bookkeeper for her oldest brother. She moved around a lot once she was considered old enough to work. She stayed in Washington D.C. for a while and then moved to New Jersey where she opened up a school and worked as a teacher for several more years.  Clara Barton lived in the north her whole life. She was in an environment where most people did not believe in slavery, she herself was completely against it.

When the Civil War broke out Ms. Barton was the first to volunteer. She worked in the hospitals in Washington D.C. until moving out onto the battlefield to work with immediate care soldiers. She worked not only as a nurse but also as a large advocate for certain supplies that the soldiers would need. Because of her constant support of soldiers Clara was nicknamed The Angel of The Battlefield.  After the end of her work in the civil war she traveled and gave speeches about war experiences. Along the way she met Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglas. From there she became an activist for civil rights and equality of race. Barton began to lobby for an American branch of the International Red Cross. In 1881 the branch was established and she was their active president for 23 years. Clara Barton was The Angel of The Battlefield for the civil war. She was one of the soldier’s biggest advocates and truly enjoyed helping in the military and on the battlefield.

 "At Work." Clara Barton National Historic Site. Museum Management Program, n.d.
     Web. 27 Sept. 2013. <http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/clba/
     homelife.html>.
"Clara Barton." Civil War Trust. History.com, n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.
     <http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/clara-barton.html>.