Chapter 12 Section 2 notes

1. Holding the line against Japan
- Chester Nimitz: planned against japan
A. The fall of the Philippines
- American and Philippine defenses retreat to Bataan
- evacuated to Australia
- Bataan surrendered and 78,000 were taken as prisoners of war
B. the Doolittle Raid
- Roosevelt wanted to bomb Tokyo
- replaced normal aircraft with B-25 bombers
- too long to land pack on ship... Had to land in china
C. A change in Japanese Strategy
- wanted to cut Americas supply line to Australia
- planned to attack midway: Americas last remaining base in the North Pacific
D. The Battle of the Coral Sea
- Americans had broken Japanese code
- caused japan to call of raid on New Guinea
- American supply lines stayed open
E. The Battle of Midway
- Americans also knew of the attack on Midway
- Japanese were squashed
- forced to retreat

2. Turning Back the German Army
- American sent supplies to Soviets
- Churchill planned to attack the periphery or edges
A. The struggle for North Africa
- America invaded North Africa to help fight in Egypt
- Afrika Corps: German troops in the area
- British forces pushed Rommel back
- Kassarine Pass: America suffered, Patton put in command
B. The Battle of the Atlantic
- German submarines had sunk about 360 American ships of the coast
- shipyards produced more ships than the Germans were able to sink
- navy set up a convoy system
C. Stalingrad
- Hitler went to knock soviets put of the war
- ordered to hold Stalingrad at all costs
- reinforcements sent and Germans forced to surrender
- put Germans on the defensive

Radio Hour

Radio Show
By: Maddie Williams, Claire Haley, Lexi Cole and Leia Watson


Claire: Hello everyone and welcome to The Dollys Show. We have a very exciting show for you today, but first Breaking News!

Leia: Today has officially been marked as Black Tuesday. This is due to the fact that the stock market has taken yet another large drop. As you all may know unless you receive a margin call there is no need to worry.

Lexí: On a lighter note we have a new music line up for you all today. Let's start it off with Ella Fitzgerald cover of Cole Porter's song 'Let's Do It (Let's Fall In Love)'...(play song here) Coming up,  the back story of Babe Ruth, but first a little Louie Armstrong...( play song here)

Claire: You all know Babe Ruth as The Great Bambino, but just recently I had the chance to really get to know Babe Ruth and learn about his life at home as well as his childhood. As a child Ruth was sent away to a reformatory school where he picked up his baseball skills. Later on in his career he met Helen Woodford and they then adopted a child together. Four years following, they seperated due to infidelities. Currently, Babe Ruth is said to be focussing more on his career as a baseball superstar. That's all for your daily sports update.

Lexí: Thank you for tuning into the Dolly Show on this fine evening. Tune in tomorrow for compositions of your favorite artist, latest storys, and sport news. Good night! (play a few dance songs before new show starts)

Dorothea Lange

Maddie Williams
per: 2


       Dorothea Lange was born in New Jersey during the year 1895. When she was young she contracted polio which caused her right leg and left foot to be noticeably weaker. Art and photography was a large part of Dorothea's childhood. Her parents were very invested in her education. Therefore creative arts were largely encouraged in the Lange household. After high school she decided to pursue photography. She studied the art form at Columbia University.

      After college she began her career working as an intern and assistant to multiple different big name photographers, such as Arnold Genthe a leading portrait photographer. She was running her own successful photography business and living in San Fransico with her husband and children by 1918. With the Great Depression in the 1930s, she turned her camera on what she started to see in her own San Francisco neighborhoods: labor strikes and breadlines. This was her first taste of documentary photography. She traveled documenting the rural hardship that she encountered for the Farm Security Administration, established by the U.S. Agriculture Department. Lange’s body of work from her adventures included her most famous work of art "Migrant Mother". This photograph is said to have perfectly captured the hardships of the Great Depression. It is subtle and beautiful but yet it is relatable to for thousands of Americans during this time and era.

I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean- to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it. (From: Popular Photography, Feb. 1960).

        This is a quote from Dorothea Lange that portrays what she was thinking at the time she took her photo. Six different photos were in this set and all helped show the affect that The Great Depression had on most of America’s population. The Great depression took everything from families and caused to move and migrate constantly to where they could find work. After her photos became more noticed she was hired by the government to photograph people in Japanese internment camps. She began to have health problems and she began to get increasingly sick.  She battled these problems for around two decades until she eventually passed away from esophageal cancer in October of 1965.

Sources:
- http://www.biography.com/people/dorothea-lange-9372993#final-years&awesm=~oBqj81H6QofWR0
- http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html

Great Depression outline

Maddie Williams
Per:2

I Intro (Leave Blank for now)

The Great Depression was caused by three major factors and an important trigger of the Stock Market taking multiple large crashes. Both presidents Hoover and Rossevelt created plans to stop the depression and sometimes they helped and sometimes they didn't. The Great Depression took a large toll on the whole US population.

II Causes (The causes of the great depression were overspeculation, Goverment policy, Unstable Economy)

A overspeculation (Define, how important)

-a bunch of people called speculators taking risks and instead of investing in the future of companies they would bet on the fact that the stock market itself would continue to climb.

-it enabled them to make money quickly but also caused the loss of everything when the Stock Market crashed.

B Govt Policy

-did not do anything to help the poor and did not want to get too involved with businesses and labor
-

C Unstable Econ

1. uneven prosperity

-rich stayed rich and the poor got poorer

-kept the small percent that were rich rich and increased unemployment and the poverty rate in America.

2. overproduction

-producing way too much

-decreased prices because farmers and factories were producing way too much for just the American population.

3. worker issues / farm issues

-farmers and factories overproducing and not trading with Europe. 

-caused extra produce and appliances to not be used and just thrown out wasting money and declining profit.

III Effects

A Poverty

-unemployment, soup kitchens

-caused poverty rate to increase and tons of hoovervilles to be created.

B Society

-hoovervilles

-gave homeless an place to stay and it only created a worse name for president Hoover

C World 
-

IV Solutions

A Hoover

-urged consumers and business owners to to become more rational in their decisions.

1 Volunteerism

-

2 Public Works

-government financed building projects

- increased the amount of jobs open and decreased unemployment

3 Hawley Smoot

-raised the average tariff rate

-damaged American sales abroad

4 RFC

-make loans to banks, railroads, and agricultural institutions

-it did help increase reconstuction but not enough to the point where the economy continued to decline

B Roosevelt

-President of the United States who instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression

1 new deal
-roosevelt's plan to get America out of the Great Depression

a alphabet soup
-another name for a bunch of acts that roosevelt passed during the 100 days.

            example: AAA- Agriculture Adjustment Act
-payed farmers to only grow certain crops
-increased food prices but also but tenant farmers out of jobs

            example: SEC-Securities and Exchange Commision
-regulated the stock market
-prevented fraud

            example: FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-provided government insurance on bank deposits
-further protected deposits and banks

            example: NIRA- National Industrial Recovery Act
-suspended the antitrust laws
-allowed business, labor and government to work together and set laws for each section of industry

b Criticsim?
-from both left and right
-saying there was to many restrictions and not enough restrictions

2 2nd new deal

a. WPA- Works progress Administration
-federal agency
-created new jobs to drop unemployment rate

b. National Labor Relations Act
-right to organize unions without interference and bargain collectively
-gave more rights to workers
c.

V Criticicism

A Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the Left and Right)
-Too many regulations on business
- Not enough regulations on business 

B Conservatives 
-Too many regulations on business
-  

C Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They....)

Ex: Townsend Plan
- proposed to give people over 60 who were retired a monthly pension check
- took people out of the work force and opened up jobs for the unemployed

ex:Huey Long
-large influence which caused a lot of followers
-supporters organized 27000 share the wealth clubs

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US

-more jobs and bank crisis diminished
-helped the public to trust the Government more

B Unions

- balanced competing economic interests
- NLRB: allowed workers to organize unions without interference from their bosses

C Culture

VII Conclusion
The Great Depression hit America hard and caused large amounts of economic and social destruction. the two Presidents, Hoover and Roosevelt, both put effort into stopping the depression but it never really ended until after WW2. Roosevelt's efforts are more prominent because although his plan was designed for long term help he still ended up more in the short developments to help America get out of The Great Depression.